Filipinos have a strong sense of hierarchy and respect for authority, which is deeply rooted in their cultural values and beliefs12. In the Filipino culture, the person of highest status approves all final decisions, but group consensus is still necessary for all1. Filipinos show respect to their elders, parents, grandparents, older siblings, relatives, friends, and teachers3. They address elders with "po" at the end of sentences and use formal titles when addressing people of higher status3.